Modelling the steady-state of secondary control in islanded AC microgrids

The secondary control is applied in islanded Microgrids (MGs), after the primary control, order to restore voltages and frequency specified values. Although existing power flow methods can accurately calculate of tertiary MGs, they present considerable limitations modelling control. main challenge that controllers consist integral parts, which under communication failures, could integrate functions with different histories, thus, imply non-uniform production distributed generators (DGs). This paper proposes a method for calculating, accurately, steady-state MGs. has four distinct features: a) generalized implementation several strategies e.g., centralized, decentralized, consensus, averaging, b) precise simulation links proportional-integral (PI) controllers, c) low computation time, d) accurate three-phase network representation. Simulations were executed validate proposed highlight importance modelling, precisely,